Frequency of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in obese females

To determine the frecuancy of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in obese females. Cross sectional. Department of general Medicine, Combined Millitary Hopital, Multan [a tertiay care hospital]. six months All individuals fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after their consent. Based upon their height and weight, the body mass index was calculated and their blood drawn for thyroid profile. Total 133 participants were included in the study and all were females, and their mean age [ +/- SD] waz 47.68 +/- 11.382 years. The overall frequencv of undiagnosed hypothyroidism was 4.5% [6 out of the 133 subjects] The determined frequency of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in obese females is not hgh enough tc recommend mass screening in all obese females

Frequency of vitamin B[12] deficiency in patients with helicobacter pylori gastritis

To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Descriptive study Department of Medicine, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. From October 2007 to March 2008. One hundred Helicobacter pylori [H pylori] positive patients with endoscopic evidence of gastritis were included. Demographics [age and gender] and levels of vitamin B12 [using Vitros Immunodiagnostic system] were collected in all cases. Nearly two third [64%] patients were males with mean age of 50.8 +/- 13.59 years. Thirteen percent patients had deficiency of vitamin B12, 5% were border line deficient, and 82% had normal levels of vitamin B12. In H pylori gastritis patients frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency is 13% i.e. about one fifth of patients in present study

out break of more than 1300 cases of acute viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi in summer of 2009

To find out the short-term clinical course including common clinical features, laboratory parameters, treatment provided and outcome of cases of acute viral hepatitis hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital. Descriptive observational study. Military Hospital in Rawalpindi from May to July 2009. Patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis, both male and female, older than 12 years of age were included in the study. A detailed proforma including patients' particulars, clinical features; laboratory parameters, treatment provided, disposal/ outcome was designed and filled for each patient. During the study period a total 1334 patients were hospitalized, 1279 [95.87%] were male while only 55 [4.13%] were female. Majority of patients were young adults. Mean age was 26 years with a range of 12 to 85 years. Maximum serum bilirubin levels of 559 micromoles /I and serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels of 7750 IU/L were observed. Maximum prothrombin time [PT] ranged from 105 seconds to failed to clot, against a control of 13 seconds. Thrombocytopenia was observed in some patients especially those with coagulopathy and encephalopathy but recovered with improvement in LFTs. Anti HEV serology was sent in a third of all admitted patients and was positive for IgM in patients tested. Five patients were pregnant ladies. Two patients also had laboratory proven malaria along with acute viral hepatitis. Majority of patients had uneventful recovery. A total of 13 patients went in to hepatic encephalopathy while three unfortunate patients died. HEV has been an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in Pakistan, particularly in adults from lower socioeconomic groups. The problem is more serious for those living in military camps, residential institutions and in segregated areas who consume untreated water from a common source. Outbreaks like the one described have significant morbidity and not ignorable mortality for the affected persons

Diseases causing acute renal failure in a tertiary care hospital

This study was done to evaluate frequency of acute renal failure [ARF], its causes and out come of the patients. Descriptive analytic study. March to Dec 2007 at Combined Military Hospital Lahore. All patients, admitted in different wards of the hospital, who developed acute renal failure [doubling of serum creatinine measured on two occasions 12 hours apart], were included in this study. A total of 39 patients were included in the study. Males were 19 [48.71%] and 20 [51.28%] were female. Mean age of patients was 40.2 years [SD=18.0]. The major cause was acute Gastroenteritis seen in 23 [58.97%] cases. Others developed ARF due to, Abruptio Placentae 5 [12.82%], Postoperative 5 [12.82%], Eclampsia 3 [7.69%] and Drug induced 3 [7.69%]. Oliguric phase developed in 28 [71.79%] patients and lasted for 8.45 +/- 4.16 days. Of these 17 [60.71%] patients had acute gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is the most common and important cause of ARF though gynaecological and surgical etiologies must be kept in mind. It is evident that the gynaecological and surgical patients need critical peri-partum and peri-operative monitoring to prevent development of ARF. Early institution of therapy will prevent subsequent morbidity associated with this disease

Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspeptic symptoms having normal endoscopy

To find out the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in the local population presenting with dyspeptic symptoms but having normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings. This descriptive study was carried out in gastroenterology department of Military Hospital Rawalpindi. The study was conducted in the department of gastro intestinal of Military Hospital Rawalpindi from November 2004 to September 2005. Hundred cases of dyspepsia having normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were taken as study population. Although the gold standard for presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori infection is culture but in this study the diagnostic method used was histopathology of gastric antrum. The male and female ratio was 2:1. Majority of the patients were either 40 years of age or less, mean age being 40.52 [sd +/- 13.22]. The chief symptoms were pain epigastrium [46%] and upper abdominal discomfort [27%]. Helicobacter pylori gastritis was found in 51% of cases. We conclude that Helicobacter pylori infection is quite common in dyspeptic patients apparently having normal endoscopic gastric mucosal findings. Eradication therapy should be instituted in positive cases to avoid its long-term complications

Current radiologic interventions in hepatocelluar carcinoma

With the rising incidence of chronic liver disease caused by viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma is showing a corresponding rise worldwide. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, but patients unfit for surgery or liver transplantation form the bulk of those presenting with this disease. Palliative treatments are being used to treat those and radiological modalities form the mainstay of the treatment. Radiology plays a major role in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma. Current radiological treatment modalities include percutaneous ethanol ablation, radiofrequency ablation and trans-arterial chemoembolization. This update highlights the recent advancements in the field and compares their relative merits and demerits